Guy Work

By Josiah Walter

 Architecture is the science or art of building construction and design, which makes use of long lasting materials to produce buildings or structures that are aesthetically pleasing and well suited for a particular purpose. A quote from English poet Sir Henry Wooten states that “Well building hath three conditions: Commodite, Firmenes and Delight”.

Over history, the architecture followed a long sequence of distinguishable styles, these can be identified by words such as Baroque, Gothic, Neo-Classical. Architecture may also be of a homogenous style such as Ancient Greek, Roman or Egyptian.

Architectural style, whether it is found in factories, country houses, hotels, airports or religious buildings, reflects the needs and the values of the society that has produced it. The style of structures is not only ruled by tastes and conventions, but by another range of correlative pragmatic considerations.

These are mainly the availability of technology and of materials for construction, as well as engineering considerations such as load bearing and stresses that must be taken into account during the design, all of which will make sure that the finished structure will fulfill its intended purpose.

Through the ages, the availability of local materials has had distinct influence on the design of buildings and structures throughout the World. The availability of local materials is also closely linked to development of the skills required to work them. Carpentry for example, developed where local surroundings that were densely forested as the wood became an important building material. Despite becoming a scarce resource, timber still remains widely used in construction projects of the present day. In other parts of the World, early architects chose readily available stone and marble to create buildings and monuments adorned with sculptures that were integral load bearing parts of the building structure. Today the use of stone an marble continues although its use has declined in favor of more readily available materials such as steel, glass and concrete which are also much more economical to produce and assemble.

In some regions even timber was scarce, this forced the local inhabitants to fashion buildings from the Earth itself. Mud and clay was, and still is, used by compacting it into bricks. After being left to try in the sun, these bricks are used in local construction and held together with mortar made from the same material. Older civilizations used kilns to further harden the bricks which makes them far stronger and more durable enabling larger structures to be built. So early cultures used naturally occurring substances from their local environment and then developed technologies to exploit the materials to their advantage.

Masonry is the term used to describe buildings made with stones or bricks. The bricks are built in bonded rows which adhere by an alternate layer of mortar compressed by gravity. Early mortars were comprised of sand or mud but the Romans developed cement mortars and concretes which they used to dramatic effect in buildings which are still in existence more that 2000 years after they were first constructed. Despite the Roman’s development of the first concrete, it was not until the 19th century until the a truly waterproof cement was developed.

Another development of the 19th century was production of iron and steel on an industrial scale. Mills turned out rolled sections that could replace traditional wooden frames with a much stronger material. Steel rods could also be placed in wet concrete which improved its versatility giving rise to the 20th century’s myriad of reinforced concrete structures. Subsequently, aluminium became widely available and was used in an anodized for to provide a cladding material used to cover the surface of buildings to provide a coating that was durable and virtually maintenance free. Glass became easier to produce in larger sizes and higher quality, stained glass appeared in many churches and religious buildings, its availability being enhanced enormously by industrial processing. This gave architects the ability to exploit natural light in a way that had never been possible before.

The expanse of building and construction being carried out in the modern age today shows the complexity of modern day Architects jobs, having to balance the creation of mass housing, shopping centres, large office buildings, town centres airports, supermarkets, hospitals schools and a whole host of other infrastructure required by today’s modern life.

Today Architects are not only concerned with the aesthetics of a new building they also need to focus on the needs of a diverse community of business and urban neighborhoods, developing new structures that fulfill the requirements of the modern world whilst interacting with existing buildings to create a pleasing aesthetic.

In the UK Architects jobs are restricted by Law, practicing Architects must be registered with the Architects registration board. Persons considering architects careers should know that it takes a minimum of seven years to obtain the necessary qualifications and experience. Those wishing to qualify must study at recognised universities. Candidates must completing a three year B.A or B.Sc degree. Afterwards the candidate must complete a least one years experience in a working architect’s practice. Candidates must then complete post graduate courses of two years followed by at least one more year of experince before being allowed to sit the professional practice and management examination.

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Cruise ship crew - Why not join the family of Crewmembers around the world?

By Dovale Klikman

 How much can I earn working on a cruise ship?

Depending on your position, the size of the ship and its clients and the company thats paying you, earnings and benefits may vary. Accommodation and meals are provided for free by some company that is why most Cruise ship crew staffs save a lot of money, except for those who spend a lot in buying souvenirs or spending time on bars and spa. Companies also offers benefits that may include medical and dental insurance, life insurance, profit sharing plans, disability insurance, and some travel benefits for you and your family. Monthly wages range from $2,000 to $7,000 or more.

I have no idea how to apply for a position as a Cruise ship crew?

We’ve got all you’re needs covered. We have the contacts for you in our cruise ship guide for your easy access to get you started NOW!

Do I really need the guide to look for a position?

Here’s the thing, how bad do you want to become a Cruise ship crew and get a job on cruise ship? Do you know where to look for all the relevant information? We’re giving you a great deal saving you money and time by collecting all the necessary information you need and delivering them right at your fingertips, ready for your use. And we guarantee that this is the latest and most updated information you’ll find in the market today.

What if I don’t live in the United States, can I still apply for a position?

Although the major cruise lines are often based in the US, they have offices around the world and hire Cruise ship crew from different countries.

What documents do I need to be able to apply in a US based cruise line?

For US and Canadian citizens, you just need a valid passport, good for three months after the contract. All other nationalities need to secure a C1-D Us seaman’s visa from US consulates in their respective countries. This just takes two days to get.

What medical requirements do I need?

Successful applicants are required to undergo physical examinations conducted by cruise line physicians. Thoes who want to be Cruise ship crew will have to shoulder the cost of these examinations. Some companies reimburse this cost when the applicant finally gets on board. Immunization are sometimes given on board, but are not required.

Are health care and dental care covered on board?

Employees are given full health care benefits while aboard the ship, US citizens are also covered ashore (in the USA only). Cruise ship crew members should get travel medical insurance before boarding a ship that travels outside the US. Cruise ship employment do not shoulder dental care, except in emergency cases. Cruise ship crew must shoulder the cost of treatment, although the company can help in finding a dentist ashore.

Do I have to pay for transportation to and from the ship?

The cruise lines are the ones who will shoulder your travel expenses between the nearest international airport and your port of embarkation. Cruise lines get plane tickets at a low price because of the volume of people they fly (crew and passengers) they fly daily.

What are the tax laws covering my earnings?

With the exception of US citizens, all Cruise ship crew members must declare their taxes according to applicable laws in their home countries. US citizens have their taxes deducted immediately from their pay.

What are the food and lodging accommodations for cruise ship crew aboard and what are the conditions?

Cruise ship crew members enjoy free food and lodging and have little expenses on board. Senior officers enjoy a single cabin, while most crew share a cabin with another, with a TV and a shower. Exact arrangements vary from company to company, however.

Are uniforms provided?

Cruise lines issue uniforms to crew and staff, with a few exceptions (guest musicians, guest singers, etc.). Cruise ship crew members working in the passenger areas are required to follow the designated dress codes during evenings i.e. formal, semi formal, etc.

Are cruise ship crew free to visit the ship’s ports of call?

Cruise ship crew are allowed to tour around the port the ship is visiting whenever they are not on duty. Leisure time varies depending on their positions.

Do employees get a discount when purchasing goods on board?

Cruise ship crew members enjoy duty free prices for goods bought on the ships. They can also avail up to 25% discount on items bought from the ship’s boutique shops.

What are the punishment for crew members caught taking drugs or narcotics?

Employees caught are automatically fired and surrendered to the local authorities. Cruise ship employment companies maintains a regular drug test on board.

How long does a contract usually last?

Contracts vary depending on the company though most offer a minimum of our to six months contract. Employees can either have their contracts extended or leave for a while and get back for a new contract.

Are Cruise ship crew members able to chose the destination of the cruise they want to work in?

First time Cruise ship crew members are assigned to destinations depending on the available job openings. More experienced employees are given some choices of destination.

So what are the pros and cons of cruise ship employment?

Jobs aboard the cruise ships are not for everyone. A lot of discipline and hard work is needed, as well as good social skills. Cruise ship crew members are expected to work harmoniously with other people in a limited space for long periods of time. Employees must also put out a great deal o service in order to please passenger, which are after all, the lifeblood of the industry. For all of this, the employee is rewarded with the chance of seeing the world and meeting many new people, aside form gaining useful work experience and starting a wonderful career.

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